P0316: How to Diagnose & Fix — Misfire Detected on Startup (First 1000 Revolutions)

Second-generation MKZ models equipped with the 2.0L EcoBoost turbo engine can develop an internal coolant leak where coolant seeps from the cooling jacket into a combustion chamber, commonly cylinder 2. This is attributed to a cylinder head/block design and sealing defect. Burned coolant causes misfires, white exhaust smoke, chronically low coolant with no external leak, and in severe cases overheating and complete engine failure. The defect is the subject of a Ford EcoBoost coolant-intrusion class action.

A subset of 2.3L Bronco owners report unexplained coolant loss, startup misfires, white exhaust smoke, and rough running traced to coolant entering one or more cylinders. Similar to other Ford 2.3L applications, the root cause is often linked to cylinder head casting issues or sealing failure in the head-gasket area. If ignored, the condition can lead to catalytic converter damage or engine replacement.

The 3.5L EcoBoost in the Flex (SHO-derived, EcoBoost/Limited AWD models) is direct-injected only, so no fuel ever washes across the back of the intake valves. Oil vapor pulled through the PCV system and exhaust residue from valve overlap bake onto the valve stems and seats. As the deposits thicken they disrupt the low-velocity airflow at idle first, producing a rough or lopey cold idle, then progress to misfires under load, hesitation, lost boost response and reduced fuel economy. It is a mileage-driven wear item, not a defect that appears suddenly, and is typically noticeable somewhere past 60,000-80,000 miles depending on driving pattern and oil change discipline.

Ford's 2.7L EcoBoost (and related small-displacement EcoBoost engines) is prone to micro-cracks forming in the cylinder head around the exhaust ports, allowing coolant to seep into the combustion chamber. This produces unexplained coolant loss with no external leak, white sweet-smelling exhaust, cold-start misfires, and oil emulsification ('mayonnaise' under the oil cap). Left unaddressed it can cause catastrophic engine damage. The defect is the subject of active consolidated federal class-action litigation covering 2.7L and 3.5L F-150, Bronco, and Edge as of 2026.

The 3.5L EcoBoost's high-pressure direct (GDI) injectors run at diesel-like pressures and are a common failure item, especially at higher mileage and after heat-soak. A stuck-open or electrically failing injector floods a cylinder and can wash down neighboring cylinders on the same bank, producing a cold-start misfire that often smooths out once warm. It commonly sets injector-circuit codes (P0201-P0206) alongside misfire codes (P0300-P0308) and occasionally a total-misfire/knock code. It is frequently misdiagnosed as coils or plugs before the injector is found.