P0231 on Volvo: How to Diagnose & Fix
Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit - Low
4 Volvo models · 4 documented issues · 4 critical · $200-$1,800 repair
P0231 on Volvo by model: symptoms, diagnosis and fix
Multiple recalls affect 2019-2020 XC90: (1) Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) may not function properly, (2) Fuel pump may fail causing stalling. Both are safety recalls with free repairs at Volvo dealers.
Common Symptoms
- Recall notice received
- AEB warning light
- Engine stalling
- No symptoms - hidden defects
How to Fix
Check VIN at NHTSA.gov or Volvo's recall website. Contact any Volvo dealer for free recall repairs. The AEB recall involves a software update. The fuel pump recall involves fuel pump replacement. Do not delay on safety recalls.
Owner tips & cautions
- WarningThis is a high-severity issue - ignoring it can lead to costly repairs or safety concerns. Address it promptly.
- TipGet a proper diagnosis before replacing parts - similar symptoms can have different causes
- TipSearch Volvo XC90 forums and owner groups for real-world experiences and DIY guides
- TipGet multiple quotes from independent mechanics - dealer prices can be 2-3x higher for the same repair
- TipCheck NHTSA.gov for active recalls — repairs are performed free at authorized dealers
The fuel pump electronic control module used on this generation can fail from heat, moisture, or internal electronics faults, leading to intermittent no-starts, sudden stalling, or extended cranking. This problem is documented across late-2000s/early-2010s P3 Volvos and appears in owner reports and service literature. Because the module controls pump speed and delivery, failure can mimic a bad in-tank fuel pump.
Common Symptoms
- extended crank before starting
- intermittent no-start
- engine stalls while driving
- loss of power under load
- fuel pressure too low
How to Fix
Confirm fuel pressure loss and scan for fuel pump communication or performance faults before replacing parts. Inspect the module and connectors for corrosion, then replace the fuel pump control module if command and power/ground are present but output is erratic. In some cases, software updates or connector repair are also needed.
Sources for this issue (1)
The fuel pump control module fails, causing the engine to stall, not start, or lose power while driving. Volvo issued a recall for some VINs. The module is located near the fuel tank and is susceptible to corrosion and vibration damage.
Common Symptoms
- Engine stalls while driving
- No-start condition
- Loss of power
- Check engine light
- Extended crank time
How to Fix
Check if the VIN is covered by Volvo recall R10090. The dealer will replace the fuel pump control module. If not under recall, replace the module and inspect wiring connections for corrosion.
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Sources for this issue (1)
Early Gen1 XC60s use a fuel pump driven by a separate Pump Electronic Module (PEM) that is commanded by the Central Electronic Module (CEM). Two related failures show up: a CEM software fault that fails to send the run signal to the PEM (NHTSA recall 09V343000, 11,993 vehicles including the 2010 XC60), and outright failure of the in-tank pump assembly itself, which CarComplaints lists as the single most-reported problem on the 2010 XC60 at roughly 70,000 miles. Because residual rail pressure is still present at key-on, the car will often start normally and then stall a short distance later, which makes the fault look intermittent and gets it misdiagnosed as an ignition or immobilizer problem. The PEM lives under the rear seat area and is also prone to moisture-related corrosion, so a water leak in the cabin (see the sunroof/cowl drain issue) can take out the fuel delivery system as a secondary failure.
Common Symptoms
- Engine cranks and starts then stalls after a short drive
- Intermittent no-start with normal cranking
- Loss of power or hesitation under load
- No fuel pump prime buzz at key-on
- Stalling at low speed or when coming to a stop
How to Fix
First have the dealer verify recall 09V343000 was completed - it is a free CEM software download and fixes the no-signal variant. If the software is current, measure fuel rail pressure at crank and while the fault is present rather than replacing parts on symptoms. Confirm the PEM is receiving power and command before condemning the pump; a corroded or water-damaged PEM connector is a common root cause and is far cheaper than a pump. If the pump itself is weak, the in-tank pump/sender assembly is replaced as a unit. Typical independent-shop pump replacement runs around $1,600 including parts and labor.
What you need to fix it
Only diagnosis- and fitment-reviewed repair parts are linked here.
- Genuine Volvo 31405746 fuel pump electronic module (PEM)
replace a diagnosed failed fuel-pump control module without confusing it with the in-tank pump assembly Fitment/availability: 2010-2013 Volvo XC60 PEM branch after recall/software status, power, ground, command and connector tests; confi…
As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases; other part links may also earn au7o a commission. Confirm fitment by VIN before buying.
Sources for this issue (2)
P0231 code reference
General diagnostic-code context. The code alone does not confirm a cause for your vehicle; use the applicable issue card and its sources.
Frequently asked questions
What does P0231 mean on a Volvo?
P0231 stands for "Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit - Low." This code indicates the engine computer detected a low-voltage condition in the fuel pump's secondary (driver/output) control circuit. Many vehicles control the fuel pump through a relay or a dedicated driver module, and the computer monitors the voltage on that circuit to confirm the pump is being powered correctly. When the feedback voltage stays lower than expected, P0231 sets. Because the fuel pump supplies pressurized fuel to the injectors, this fault can cause hard starting, stalling, or no-start conditions. On Volvo it is documented across 4 models: XC90, V70, XC40, XC60.
What are the most common causes of P0231?
The most common causes of P0231 are: Faulty fuel pump relay, Corroded or loose connector at the pump or relay, Damaged or shorted wiring in the pump power circuit, Poor ground for the fuel pump circuit, Failing fuel pump drawing abnormal current, Faulty fuel pump driver module, PCM/ECM internal driver fault (rare). The specific cause varies by vehicle.
How much does it cost to fix P0231 on a Volvo?
Published repair estimates on Volvo range from $200 to $1,800 depending on the model and root cause. If an issue mentions a recall or campaign, check your VIN with the manufacturer or NHTSA and confirm eligibility and coverage with a dealer.
Looking for P0231 on a different make?
View P0231 across all makes →Content compiled with AI assistance using NHTSA complaints, TSBs, and owner reports. May contain errors. Always verify with your vehicle's service manual.